Welding is a fabrication process whereby two or more parts are fused together by means of heat and/or pressure. There are many different types of welding, including the topic of this article, MIG welding. MIG welding is believed to be one of the easier welding techniques to learn, which makes it a great focus for beginners.
What is MIG Welding?
Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding, also referred to as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), is an arc welding process that uses a continuous solid wire as an electrode. This wire serves a dual purpose – acting as both a heat source and filler metal for the joint.
The wire heats up as it is fed through the welding instrument, and, as the trigger of the machine is pulled, an arc forms between the end of the wire and the workpiece. The arc that is formed then melts, forming a weld pool.
A protective gas is used to safeguard the weld pool from reacting to oxygen and other elements in the air.
What is MIG Welding used for?
MIG welding is the most commonly used type of welding, popular in the automotive and construction industries, as well as for home projects.
It is extremely versatile and can be used across a range of metals and alloys. Common materials include aluminium, stainless steel, carbon steel, as well as iron and most of its alloys.
Advantages of MIG Welding
Simple to Learn
MIG welding is considered to be fairly easy to learn and use. Individuals can learn the process in a matter of hours due to its simplicity and control offered by the auto-feed wire.
Clean and Efficient
Since MIG welding uses a shielding gas to protect the arc, there is very little loss of alloying elements as the metal transfers across the arc. There is no slag to remove, and only minor weld splatter is produced, making for minimal clean-up time.
Widespread applications
A significant advantage of MIG welding is its widespread applications. MIG is suitable for a large variety of metals and alloys while operating in a variety of ways, such as semi and fully automatic.
Disadvantages of MIG Welding
Unsuitable for outdoor welding
As MIG Welding relies on the shielding gas to safeguard the weld pool from contaminants, the process is not suitable for working outside – any wind will impact the quality of the weld. MIG welding is best used in a controlled environment or indoor setting such as a factory or workshop.
Portability
Besides not being portable, the fluidity of the welding pool and the high heat input of a MIG welder means it is not suitable for vertical or overhead welding.
Equipment and Accessories
Before you get started, it is vital that you have the right electrical setup, safety equipment, tools, and consumable materials such as gas and wire. The basic gear you will need includes:
- Welding machine
- Power source
- Electrode wire
- Shielding gas
- Metal cutting tool
- Angle grinder
- Accessories (welding cart, clamps, etc.)
- Personal protection equipment (gloves, boots, helmet, etc.)
Want to learn more?
MTA Queensland’s MIG Welding Fundamental course teaches you the basic knowledge and skills to set up a MIG welder and apply a variety of welds related to vehicle restoration, hobby metal work, and welding repairs.
5 July 2022
Please note the information contained on this page is general in nature and does not take into account your specific needs or circumstances. You should consider whether the information is appropriate to your needs, and where appropriate, seek professional advice.