Engine oil is available in three types – conventional/mineral, semi-synthetic or synthetic. Each is manufactured differently, has different qualities and offers different performance but whichever is used, they all are derivatives of the crude oil that is pumped from the ground.
Conventional/mineral oil is slightly refined from crude oil, and a range of additives are mixed in to provide an engine lubricant that inhibits rust, prevents wear and friction, and ‘cleans’ as it flows through the engine and around the various engine components.
Synthetic oil is a much more highly refined product than conventional oil and the additives and ingredients mixed with the refined base oil are even more targeted to provide the qualities that vehicle manufacturers require for their ever-improving and sophisticated engines. Synthetic oil offers improved lubrication and better anti-wear and tear properties via an ability to better stick to engine components. It is more ‘stable’ thanks to it being engineered to remain viscous for longer, is more durable and less likely to break down, and is less likely to leave deposits and sludging thanks to its higher refinement and development.
Semi-synthetic oil is a blend of mineral and synthetic – a mix that makes it a better quality than conventional but less targeted in its ‘abilities’ than fully synthetic.
The qualities of these oils, and the amount of research and work put into their development, is reflected in the price – synthetic oil is considerably more expensive than the others.
Provided a vehicle is well looked after with oil changed at recommended intervals, most ‘regular’ cars don’t require the extra protection and performance-related qualities that fully synthetic oil offers. That’s good for the wallet. However, high-performance and luxury vehicles will likely need those very qualities and manufacturers may well recommend that only fully synthetic oil be used.
As with any fluid that a vehicle requires to perform properly – be it coolant, oil, brake fluid and so on – the best bet is to follow the guidance and specifications of the manufacturer. The manufacturer’s/owner’s handbook will contain the information regarding the correct type and grade of oil to be used and, if that information isn’t at hand, a qualified mechanic will be able to make the right call for any vehicle that comes into their workshop.
WANT TO LEARN MORE?
MTA Queensland’s Vehicle Maintenance course is designed for those who are interested in gaining valuable information and learning good practices for everyday vehicle use. The result: a safer journey with fewer breakdowns and repairs. If you have ever wanted to learn how to carry out preventative maintenance, then this course is for you.
18 March 2020
Please note the information contained on this page is general in nature and does not take into account your specific needs or circumstances. You should consider whether the information is appropriate to your needs, and where appropriate, seek professional advice.